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Archwires :
Archwires are essential components in orthodontics, placed inside brackets to deliver forces that move teeth into proper alignment. The type of archwire is selected according to the stage of treatment (initial, intermediate, finishing) and the type of movement required.
1. Copper NiTi Archwire
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Made of nickel-titanium alloy with added copper.
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Copper improves thermal stability and biomechanical control.
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Exhibits superelasticity and shape memory, meaning it returns to its original form after deformation.
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Applies light, continuous forces → ideal for early alignment stages.
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Responds differently to temperature changes, allowing controlled tooth movement.
2. NiTi Archwire (Nickel-Titanium)
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One of the most commonly used archwires in the initial phase.
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Highly flexible and resistant to permanent deformation.
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Possesses shape memory effect.
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Provides gentle, continuous forces, making it excellent for initial alignment and space opening.
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Less suitable for finishing stages that require precise control.
3. Thermal NiTi Archwire (Heat-Activated NiTi)
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A special type of NiTi wire that is temperature-sensitive.
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At low temperatures (e.g., cooled before insertion), it becomes soft and flexible.
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At body temperature (37°C), it regains its shape and delivers force.
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Easier to insert for the patient and more effective once in the mouth.
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Also known as heat-activated archwire.
4. Stainless Steel Archwire
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One of the oldest and most widely used archwires.
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Very stiff, strong, and less elastic compared to NiTi.
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Delivers stronger forces → best for intermediate and finishing phases where precise tooth control is required.
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Excellent for wire bending and customization, as its deformation remains stable.
5. Reverse Curve of Spee Archwire
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A specially designed archwire with a reverse curve.
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Can be made of NiTi or stainless steel.
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Main applications:
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Deep bite correction
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Occlusal plane leveling
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Adjusting the natural curve of Spee
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Promotes slight intrusion of anterior teeth and extrusion of posterior teeth.
🔸 Summary
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NiTi and Copper NiTi → Best for initial stages due to flexibility and light, continuous forces.
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Thermal NiTi → Same as NiTi but easier to handle because of temperature sensitivity.
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Stainless Steel → Ideal for intermediate and finishing phases where precise control is needed.
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Reverse Curve Archwire → Specialized for managing occlusal discrepancies such as deep bite correction.
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